The non-invasive test of choice is segmental plethysmography (SP), which gives a general idea of the amount and location of PVD as well as overall perfusion. This allows prognosis regarding DM ulcer healing and allows PVD to be excluded in patients with leg pain, who commonly have radiculopathy or neuropathy. This exam may allow selection of patients for medical management vs. intervention. If intervention is felt to be potentially appropriate then arteriography is elected, which allows angioplasty to be performed at the same time in selected patients. In patients who can't tolerate contrast administration alternatives include color Doppler US of the lower extremities for direct visualization of atherosclerosis or magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). Please note that SP is a cost-effective tool for PVD screening in diabetics, if clinically applicable.